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National Action Strategy

For Development of a National Network of University-Based Developmental Medicine and Dentistry Programs 

[A/K/A Community Resource Centers]

 December 2002

The American Academy of Developmental Medicine and Dentistry
Improving Quality of Care through Teaching and Research 

Executive Summary 

The Problem

Passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act in 1990, and the subsequent United States Supreme Court decision in Olmstead vs. L.C. (1999), have contributed to the long-standing national trend toward the de-institutionalization and community integration of persons with mental retardation and developmental disability (MR/DD).  These legal and legislative events have created both opportunities and challenges for those who provide health care services to Americans with MR/DD. 

Today, in communities and states across the country, a growing number of de-institutionalized individuals with MR/DD are experiencing significant difficulty in gaining access to quality medical and dental care.  This fact has been documented in publicly funded studies and scholarly publications.  The problem was eloquently codified in the Report of the Surgeon General, “CLOSING THE GAP: A National Blueprint to Improve the Health of Persons with Mental Retardation” published in February of 2002. 

In many states, governors, state legislators, cabinet secretaries and health commissioners, in the face of mammoth state budget deficits, are wrestling with the problems associated with delivery of services to this growing de-institutionalized population.  Compounding the difficulty of their task is the fact that, in over twenty states, some of these same public servants are finding themselves the target of lawsuits, filed by advocates on behalf of de-institutionalized individuals with MR/DD, demanding access to needed services (including health care services).

It is unfortunate, but true, that no legislator, Supreme Court judge, litigator or litigant can magically create a responsible and altruistic community that, at present, simply does not exist.

The challenge, then, is to devise a model that will, in the short and long term, move us in a direction that culminates with a sufficient cadre of well-trained, community-based physicians and dentists – ready and willing to accept, and care for, the growing population of community-based patients with mental retardation and developmental disability.

The Solution

The American Academy of Developmental Medicine and Dentistry (AADMD) has developed a National Action Strategy for the establishment of University-Based Developmental Medicine and Dentistry Programs (UDMDPs).  This model establishes Developmental Medicine and Dentistry training fellowships in mainstream medical and dental schools, while utilizing pre-existing, community-based primary care clinics, Intermediate Care Facilities (ICFs) and other private service delivery systems (such as the Special Olympics Healthy Athletes program) as education and training sites.  The UDMDP model featured in this document is a hybrid of several successful programs already created in New Jersey, Kentucky, Massachusetts and Virginia.

The UDMDPs would accomplish several very important short-term and long-term goals:

bulletAccess to Quality Health Care: UDMDPs provide desperately needed quality medical and dental care to Americans with mental retardation and developmental disability, living in communities, who have significant difficulty obtaining these services.
bulletEducation and Training: UDMDPs function as university-based centers of education and training for medical and dental students, residents, externs and fellows.
bulletResearch: UDMDPs serve as academic centers where meaningful patient-centered research-focused on solving specific medical and dental problems affecting the patient’s quality of life – can flourish.

By employing the AADMD’s National Action Strategy, we realize two distinct advantages:

bulletUDMDPs - establish pre-developed fellowship curriculum programs at the University, while establishing training sites at off-campus medical and dental clinics, thereby utilizing pre-existing infrastructure, and allowing immediate implementation without significant new construction costs.
bulletUDMDPs encourage partnerships between communities, universities and ICFs/MR: These partnerships – focused on patient care, teaching and research– strengthen our society’s commitment to people with mental retardation, and make it more difficult for any one of the partners to turn away from their commitment in years to come.  These partnerships have a tendency to improve the quality of education in the schools by moving experienced clinicians into academic positions, thereby increasing professional awareness of issues relevant to the care of the patient with MR/DD.  They improve the quality of care in the community, and the ICF, by bringing to them the standards of care established in the universities.  Finally, by acting as teaching and research centers, the UDMDPs educate and train the next generation of physicians and dentists in the care of the patient with MR/DD.  These clinicians can then go out into the community with the confidence and skills necessary to provide quality care to these special patients.

Action Needed

UDMDPs could be established in relatively short order without establishing new funding streams, without spending additional resources, and, in all likelihood, without creating new legislation.  The pieces of the puzzle necessary to implement this National Action Strategy already exist.  They simply need to be fitted together effectively.

Developing quality UDMDPs across the country will ultimately require a commitment from the Federal Government – not to spend more money or create new funding systems – but to show leadership and commitment to this cause. 

A critical and necessary step will be for the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, by the simplest and most direct method available (a Technical Assistance Letter), to advise State Medicaid Directors that no federal statutory or regulatory language exists that would prevent them from allowing an applicant ICF/MR facility administrator to designate 2.5% of their ICF/MR annual budget for the establishment of seed funding for a University-Based Developmental Medicine and Dentistry Program.  Such a directive should clarify that ICF/MR infrastructure and funding is available for the development of such programs.  States wishing to recoup (by billing third-party payers) that portion of the ICF/MR budget directed toward the development of these programs, can develop strategies for doing so according to the laws / regulations of that state.

It should be emphasized that this initiative would not require that additional money be spent, but that a small portion of current, existing ICF budgets could be directed toward serving this growing community-based population. 

American Academy of Developmental Medicine and Dentistry 
National Action Strategy
www.aadmd.org

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